“What this means, in non-technical language, is that Shi set out to create novel coronaviruses with the highest possible infectivity for human cells. Her plan was to take genes that coded for spike proteins possessing a variety of measured affinities for human cells, ranging from high to low. She would insert these spike genes one by one into the backbone of a number of viral genomes (“reverse genetics” and “infectious clone technology”), creating a series of chimeric viruses. These chimeric viruses would then be tested for their ability to attack human cell cultures (“in vitro”) and humanized mice (“in vivo”). And this information would help predict the likelihood of “spillover,” the jump of a coronavirus from bats to people.
“The methodical approach was designed to find the best combination of coronavirus backbone and spike protein for infecting human cells. The approach could have generated SARS2-like viruses, and indeed may have created the SARS2 virus itself with the right combination of virus backbone and spike protein.
“It cannot yet be stated that Shi did or did not generate SARS2 in her lab because her records have been sealed, but it seems she was certainly on the right track to have done so. “It is clear that the Wuhan Institute of Virology was systematically constructing novel chimeric coronaviruses and was assessing their ability to infect human cells and human-ACE2-expressing mice,” says Richard H. Ebright, a molecular biologist at Rutgers University and leading expert on biosafety.
Category: Consumer-Driven Health Care
Hospitals Ignoring Price Transparency Rule; CMS Ignoring Hospitals’ Noncompliance
Prices in health care are often difficult to obtain and meaningless when you obtain them. There is not one price but dozens of prices depending on who the payer is. There are different prices for Blue Cross, Aetna, Cigna and UnitedHealth. There is the pricemaster (list) price that almost nobody pays. The chargemaster price is often the official cash price if you lack insurance coverage and don’t inquire prior to care. Then there is the cash price if you negotiate in advance of care, which is often lower than the list price. If you were to inquire about the price, assuming you were told a price at all, you would likely be given the pricemaster charge for a specific billing code without information about which billing codes belong together. You see, a knee surgery isn’t one code, it’s numerous codes so hospitals can bill for numerous services.
How to Create Transparent Pricing
James Capretta and David Bernstein (AEI) recommend these changes for CMS:
- Require transparent, “all in” prices for standardized services required to fully complete a clinical intervention.
- Require all providers to participate in this bundled pricing system.
- The prices posted for these services should be “walk up” prices available to all patients, irrespective of their insurance status.
- Require insurers to make available to their enrollees the dollar value of their median out-of-network rates, so that patients could then apply those payments from their insurers to any provider of their choosing.
- An additional option would be to allow patients to place the dollars saved by selecting lower-priced providers into tax-free health savings accounts (HSAs) for future use.
The British NHS: Don’t Get Cancer
NHS sets a goal of providing the first treatments within two months of a confirmed diagnosis. In September 2019, the NHS fell short of this goal, with only 78.7 percent of cancer patients receiving their first treatment in that time frame. By September 2022, the timeliness of cancer treatment had eroded further, with only 60.5 percent of new cancer patients receiving treatment within the time frame called for in NHS guidance.